Bharat Me Angrej Kab Aaye, Kaise Aaye Aur Kabja Kaise Kiya?

Bharat Aur Angrejo Ka Itihaas

Bharat ko purane samay me 'Sone Ki Chidiya' kaha jata tha. Yahan ke masale, silk, cotton aur khazane poore duniya me mashhur the. Isi amiri ko dekhkar duniya bhar ke vyapari Bharat ki taraf khinche chale aaye. Unme se ek angrej bhi the. Shuru me unka maksad sirf business karna tha, lekin dheere-dheere unhone pure desh par kabja kar liya. Agar aap aaj Google par iski history search karenge, to aapko hairani hogi ki kaise ek choti si trading company ne pure desh ko gulam bana liya. Is article me hum poori kahani aasan shabdo me samjhenge.

Angrej Bharat Kab Aaye?

Surat Port Par Pehla Kadam

Angrej sabse pehle 24 August 1608 ko Bharat ke Surat port par utre the. Unke jahaj ka naam 'Hector' tha, jise Captain William Hawkins chala rahe the. Us samay Bharat par Mughal Empire ka raj tha aur Delhi ki gaddi par Emperor Jahangir baithe the. Hawkins ne Jahangir ke darbar me jakar vyapar karne ki ijazat mangi. Shuru me unhe thodi mushkil hui kyunki Portuguese vyapari pehle se wahan the, lekin baad me angrejo ne apni chalaki se permission le li.

Angrej Bharat Kaise Aaye?

East India Company Ki Sthapna

Angrej Bharat me ek trading company ke roop me aaye the, jiska naam 'East India Company' (EIC) tha. Is company ki sthapna 31 December 1600 ko London me hui thi. Queen Elizabeth I ne is company ko Eastern countries ke sath trade karne ka exclusive right diya tha. Bharat aakar unhone Surat, Madras (Chennai), Bombay (Mumbai) aur Calcutta (Kolkata) me apne bade-bade trading centers aur godown banaye, jinhe 'Factories' kaha jata tha. Unka mukhya business masale, indigo, cotton, silk aur tea ka tha.

Desh Par Kabja Kaise Kiya?

Vyapar Se Raj tak Ka Safar

Shuru me angrej sirf business kar rahe the, lekin unhone dekha ki Bharat ke raja-maharaja aapas me hi ladte rehte hain. Unke beech koi ekta nahi thi. Is kamzori ka fayda uthakar angrejo ne apni sena banani shuru ki. Sabse bada badlav 1757 me 'Battle of Plassey' (Plassey ki ladai) se aaya. Is ladai me British commander Robert Clive ne Bengal ke Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah ko unke hi senapati Mir Jafar ke dhokhe se hara diya. Is jeet ne angrejo ke liye Bharat ke raste khol diye.

Plassey ki jeet ke baad, 1764 me 'Battle of Buxar' hui. Is ladai me angrejo ne Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, Awadh ke Nawab aur Bengal ke Nawab ki sanyukt sena ko hara diya. Iske baad hui 'Treaty of Allahabad' ke tahat angrejo ko Bengal, Bihar aur Odisha me tax (Diwani rights) collect karne ka adhikar mil gaya. Ab angrej Bharat ke paise se hi Bharat par raj karne lage the.

Foot Dalo Aur Raj Karo (Divide and Rule)

Angrejo Ki Chalaki Aur Kanoon

Angrejo ne Bharat par kabja karne ke liye 'Foot Dalo Aur Raj Karo' (Divide and Rule) ki policy apnayi. Unhone ek raja ko dusre raja ke khilaf bhadkaya aur unhe hathiyar aur sena ki madad di. Jab dono raja kamzor ho jate, to angrej un dono par kabja kar lete. Iske alawa unhone 'Subsidiary Alliance' (Sahayak Sandhi) aur 'Doctrine of Lapse' (Hadap Niti) jaise kanoon banaye. Is niti ke tahat agar kisi raja ka apna koi asli waris (beta) nahi hota tha, to uska rajya apne aap British empire me mila liya jata tha. Jhansi aur Awadh iska bada udaharan hain.

1857 Ki Kranti Aur Direct British Rule

Company Se British Crown Tak

Angrejo ke julm jab bahut badh gaye, to 1857 me Bharat ke logo ne unke khilaf pehli badi kranti ki, jise '1857 Revolt' ya 'First War of Independence' kaha jata hai. Mangal Pandey, Rani Lakshmibai aur Bahadur Shah Zafar jaise veero ne isme hissa liya. Halanki yeh kranti puri tarah safal nahi hui, lekin isne British sarkar ko hila diya. Iske baad East India Company ka rule khatam ho gaya aur Bharat ka control seedhe British Crown (Queen Victoria) ke hath me chala gaya. Iske baad lagbhag 90 saal tak angrejo ne Bharat par seedha raj kiya, jab tak ki 15 August 1947 ko hume azadi nahi mili.

Aakhir Me Kya Hua?

Bharat me angrejo ka aana ek vyapari ke roop me hua tha, lekin hamari aapsi foot aur kamzori ka fayda uthakar unhone hume 200 saal tak gulam banaye rakha. Yeh itihaas hume sikhata hai ki aapsi ekta kitni zaroori hai. Aaj hum ek azad desh hain, lekin is azadi ke peeche lakho veero ka balidan hai jise hume kabhi nahi bhulna chahiye.